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Physiology Test (Part 1)

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1) What is the typical oxygen consumption in a 75kg non‐pregnant women?

2) Pregnant patients are at higher risk of thromboembolism due to a hypercoaguable state. Which of the following clotting factors reduces during pregnancy?

3) Which of the following hormones inhibits Galactopoiesis and Lactogenesis postpartum?

4) What is the typical weight of a non‐pregnant premenopausal uterus?

5) At what gestational age does the luteo‐placental shift occur?

6) Which of the following is a primary site of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production?

7) According to the UK food standards agency which of the following RDIs (recommended daily intake) is 3 times higher in pregnancy than the non‐pregnant state?

8) You review a patient who is 34 weeks pregnant. She complains of gradually worsening itching over the past 6 weeks particularly to the hands and feet which is worse at night. You order some bloods. Which of the following would you normally expect to increase in the 3rd  trimester?

9) Where in the kidney is the majority of Bicarbonate reabsorbed

10) Regarding heart rate in pregnancy which of the following statements is true?

11) During pregnancy the GFR changes as follows:

12) Which of the following is the primary stimulator of uterine involution following child birth??

13) During wound healing the clotting cascade is activated. Which of the following activates the extrinsic pathway?

14) Which structure is the primary mechanism for shunting blood away from the fetal pulmonary circulation?

15) Which of the following tests is used to detect antibodies or complement bound to red blood cell antigens in vivo?

16) In the earliest phase of wound healing platelets are held together by what?

17) During pregnancy which hormone(s) inhibit lactogenesis?

18) What percentage of haemoglobin is HbF in the newborn?

19) Following parturition uterine contractions called Afterpains may typically continue for how long?

20) Regarding the use of Erythropoietin (recombinant human erythropoietin AKA rHuEPO) in pregnancy which of the following statements is correct ?

21) What is the primary form of haemoglobin in a 18 week old foetus?

22) Where in the kidney is the majority of Bicarbonate reabsorbed

23) During wound healing collagen alignment along tension lines is part of which phase?

24) Oxytocin causes increased myometrial contractions via which of the following messenger pathways?

25) During wound healing the clotting cascade is activated. Which of the following activates the extrinsic pathway?

26) Regarding cardiac examination during pregnancy which of the following findings should be considered pathological

27) In the 3rd trimester anaemia is defined by?

28) Several mechanisms have been proposed as to what causes closure of the Ductus Arteriosus (DA) at Parturition. Which of the following is the most important in maintaining the patency of the DA during pregnancy?

29) Cardiac output is calculated by

30) What is the average lifespan of a basophil (white blood cell)?

31) Regarding the closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) after birth which of the following most accurately describes the mechanisms leading to closure of the DA?

32) Which of the following statements regarding thyroid function testing in pregnancy is true?

33) Which of the following lung function values is unchanged in pregnancy?

34) What is the primary form of haemoglobin in a 6 week old foetus?

35) Dilatation of the uterine cervix at parturition is primarily achieved by:

36) What is the typical peak change in oxygen consumption in a pregnant vs a non‐pregnant women?

37) Placental production of hPL, hCG, Oestragen and Progesterone are examples of which type of mechanism

38) When using the MDRD formula to calculate GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) which of the following is not factored into the equation?

39) Angiogenesis and collagen deposition are features of which stage of wound healing?

40) A patient asks you how long it will be before her C‐section wound is "at full strength." What is the typical time taken for wounds closed by primary intention to reach full tensile strength?

41) Regarding blood volume in pregnancy which of the following statements is TRUE?

42) Which of the following is a potent stimulator of Aldosterone

43) Where in the kidney is the majority of Sodium and Glucose reabsorbed

44) A 52 year old patient attends clinic for the results of her bone density scan. Her T‐score is ‐2.2. She tells you she has previously fractured her 5th metatarsal and patella following a fall from a bike. You diagnose her as:

45) You review a 58 year old patient in clinic. She asks what the results of her recent DEXA scan are. You note her hip BMD hip T‐score is ‐1.4. You note she has a history of olecranon fracture 4 years ago. What is her classification according to WHO criteria?

46) The amniotic fluid volume peaks at around 900ml. At what gestation does the amniotic fluid reach its maximum volume?

47) At what gestation does the fetus typically start swallowing?

48) Lactogenesis at term is stimulated by which hormone?

49) During wound healing the clotting cascade is activated. Which of the following activates the intrinsic pathway?

50) What is the typical volume increase from a non‐pregnant to term uterus?

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