Teaching and assessment – clinical governance module part 2

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Teaching and assessment - clinical governance module

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A small group of six obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in their first year of training need
to be taught neonatal resuscitation.
Keeping in mind the pros and cons of the various methods of teaching, which is the most
appropriate method of teaching that can be adopted for this scenario?

A) Audio/visual-aided lecture

B) Bedside teaching

C) Problem-based learning

D) Self-directed learning

E) Simulated teaching

You are asked to teach gynaecologic emergencies at the emergency department monthly
teaching. Unfortunately you have not been able to ascertain the grade or level of previous
gynaecology experience of those who are attending. You start by getting the casualty doctors to
discuss basic pelvic anatomy and then the basics of early pregnancy. Next you base the level of
your further teaching on the level of knowledge they displayed in these initial basic subjects.
What would best describe this teaching method?

A) Brainstorming.

B) Delphi technique.

C) Fish bowl.

D) Problem-based learning.

E) Snowballing.

3) Which role of the clinical teacher requires both teaching expertise and medical expertise?

A) Assessor

B) Information provider

C) Planner

D) Resource developer

E) Role model

As an ST5, you are going to have your appraisal with your educational supervisor.
What is the purpose of this process?

A) For policy making.

B) It is mainly for research purposes.

C) To review a doctor s performance.

D) To rate clinical services based on a doctor s performance.

E) To set out personal and professional development needs, career paths and goals.

5) The cognitive domain assesses:

A) Skills

B) Attitudes

C) Knowledge

D) Memory

E) All of the above

6) In a norm-references orientation, the standard is based on:

A) What knowledge and skills the candidate is expected to have

B) The knowledge and skills of selected appropriate panelists

C) The mean performance of the candidates who took the last instance of the assessment

D) The performance of an external large representative sample equivalent to the candidates taking the test

E) The mean performance of the candidates who took this assessment

7) The psychomotor domain assesses:

A) Skills

B) Attitudes

C) Knowledge

D) Perception

E) All of the above

A consultant is nding it cumbersome preparing for an appraisal. How frequently should the
appraisal normally take place?

A) Annually

B) Biannually

C) Every 3 years

D) Every 5 years.

E) Every 10 years.

10)

Part of appraisal should include seeking the views of other team members, this is termed
‘360 degree’ feedback. Who should doctors ask for feedback from?

A) It is only necessary that they get feedback from other trainees at the same levels.

B) It is only necessary that they receive feedback from more senior doctors.

C) Nurses, midwives, senior and junior doctors and all other allied health professionals

D) O&G trainees need only to get feedback from midwives.

E) O&G trainees need only to get feedback from nurses.

11) A clinical teacher plays all roles except:

A) Assessor

B) Examiner

C) Facilitator

D) Planner

E) Role model

You are working at the ST6 level in a District General Hospital. You are asked to help with
finding an effective obstetric emergencies training programme.

12) Which of the following do you recommend?

A) One-to-one training.

B) Practical, multi-professional, obstetric emergency training at your hospital

C) Single one-day course at your hospital

D) Single one-day course at a simulation centre.

E) Single one-day course at a simulation centre.

13)

Patient feedback is an essential component of revalidation.
What is the proposed role of patient feedback in revalidation?

A) It helps your esteem and personal ego

B) It is used as an essential prerequisite for a consultant appointment.

C) It is a prerequisite for applying for new jobs

D) It is a prerequisite to continue with your current contract.

E) It reassures patients, employers and other professionals and contributes to improving patient care and safety.

14)

You are the consultant instructing the new specialist training staff who recently joined your
department.
Which of the following training modalities has shown improvement in the clinical outcome?

A) Computer-based courses.

B) Inhouse multidisciplinary training courses

C) Mnemonics.

D) Pocket algorithms.

E) Weekly clinical departmental meeting.

15)

A ST3 trainee is being supervised for third degree tear repair of a 26 year old primiparous who
sustained a 3rd degree tear during forceps delivery which was also performed by the trainee.
The ST3 trainee has done 2 other repairs before this.
Which of the following work placed based assessment tools should be used?

A) Summative OSAT

B) Formative OSAT

C) DOPS

D) Mini CeX

E) CBD (Case based discussion)

16) Your trainee asks how the appraisal will be documented, you should advise them

A) Appraisal is a one-off process and will not need documentation.

B) The appraisal process is confidential and therefore, no documentation is needed

C) The interview should be documented so that progress can be looked at easily in subsequent appraisals.

D) The responsibility for documentation rests solely on the appraiser

E) There is no need for the appraisal process to be documented.

17) The domains of learning are:

A) Cognitive, affective and skills

B) Cognitive, affective and psychomotor

C) Cognitive, psychomotor and skills

D) Affective, psychomotor and skills

E) None of the above

18) With regards to the admission OSCE, which of the following statements is true?

A) The admission OSCE does not provide useful data about test validity because it has greater fidelity to the real situation in which the test will be used

B) The admission OSCE was a reliable tool to predict future performance

C) The admission OSCE will measure the team working variables that it proposes to identify

D) This demonstrates predictive validity

E) None of the above

19)

A trainee was recently involved in the management of a case of massive postpartum
haemorrhage. As the trainee's educational supervisor you would like to assess the skills of the
trainee with respect to management of postpartum haemorrhages.
Which workplace-based assessment tool is ideal for use in this situation?

A) Case-based discussion

B) Essay on the topic

C) Mini-CEX

D) Structured OSAT station

E) Team observation/feedback

20) When using standards setting to determine a passing score, the modified Angoff approach

A) Produces a cut-off score based on the proportion of borderline candidates who are expected to answer a question correctly

B) Looks at the performance of borderline candidates

C) Is a judgemental approach

D) Requires an understanding of borderline characteristics

E) All of the above

21) How many appraisals should a doctor have in one revalidation cycle?

A) One

B) Two

C) Three

D) Four

E) Five

23)

The SBAR format is commonly used on the delivery suite as a method to convey critical
clinical information between different healthcare professionals.
An ST5 telephones the consultant on call with the following communication.
Good evening, Dr Smith. This is John, the ST5, calling from the delivery suite. I have just been to
see Mrs Jones who is in labour. The CTG is pathological. This woman is being monitored because
of a previous stillbirth. I propose to take her to theatre for an immediate caesarean section.
What component of SBAR is missing from this communication?

A) Achievement

B) Action

C) Alignment

D) Alternatives

E) Assessment

24)

Which learning method is associated with the lowest retention of knowledge/ information
imparted?

A) Lecture

B) Practical demonstration

C) Problem-based learning

D) Reading a textbook

E) Small group discussion

26) Which teaching method places emphasis and responsibility on the learner?

A) Problem-based learning

B) Simulation

C) Self-directed learning

D) Small group teaching

E) Lectures

27) The main role of an appraiser is to

A) The main role of an appraiser is to

B) Facilitate disciplinary action required for the trainee

C) Informally facilitate learning by providing guidance and addressing concerns

D) Provide regular clinical supervision

E) Teach the trainee on a regular basis

Concurrent validity is the degree to which the results of the test are related to the scores
on an established test administered at the same time. It is determined by administering the
new test and the established test. The extent to which the scores of the two tests correlate
provides evidence of concurrent validity.

A student in an established examination on reproduction scores 70%, but in a new test on the
same subject matter scores 45%

28) Choose the most appropriate statement from the options below.

A) The new assessment does not have concurrent validity...

B) As this suggests that there is a close correlation between the two tests

C) As this suggests that there is not a close correlation between the two tests

D) As the student’s score or performance will always be expected to vary

E) As the previous test score has been validated

F) None of the above

29) With regards to using tools to assess knowledge the following is true:

A) Essay questions with structured marking templates allow for a high level of consistency in marking

B) Extending Matching Questions have been shown to be more discriminatory and reliable than other forms of Multiple Choice Questions

C) Multiple Choice Questions discourage rote and superficial learning

D) Multiple Choice Questions measure performance in addition to what a student knows and understands

E) OSCEs (Objective Structured Clinical Examinations) cannot be used to assess the cognitive domain but rather allows assessment of the affective and psychomotor domains

30) During the appraisal meeting:

A) The appraisee (trainee) alone determines the amount of time spent discussing issues relevant to him/her

B) The appraiser (trainer) alone determines the amount of time spent discussing issues relevant to the appraisee (trainee)

C) The appraisee (trainee) and appraiser (trainer) should spend equal amounts of time discussing issues relevant to the trainee

D) The appraisee (trainee) should spend more time discussing the issues relevant to him/her than the appraiser (trainer)

E) The appraiser (trainer) should spend more time discussing the issues relevant to him/her than the appraisee (trainee)

31) Which of the following is the single best answer regarding summative assessments?

A) Unlike formative OSATS forms, summative OSATS require a judgement relating to the competence of the trainee

B) Either a summative or a formative OSATS form can be used to document a judgement on a trainee's competence

C) The primary purpose of a summative assessment is to judge a trainee as 'able to perform competently' or 'working towards competence‘

D) The purpose of a summative assessment is to establish whether a trainee is competent to perform a procedure

E) The RCOG suggests that any registrar or consultant can act as assessors in WPBA encounter

33)

A ST1 colleague is confused at the array of assessments available in the electronic training
portfolio and asks you which are formative and which are summative.
Which of the following is an example of a formative assessment?

A) ARCP.

B) MRCOG Part 1.

C) MRCOG Part 2

D) MRCOG Part 3

E) TO1.

You are asked to review the summative assessment within obstetrics and gynaecology by
your educational supervisor. Which of the following is an example of a summative assessment?

34)

A) Case-based discussion

B) Induction interview

C) Mini-clinicalevaluationexercise

D) Recruitment interview

E) Team observation 1 form

37) Which is not an example of a formative assessment:

A) Case based discussion

B) Mini-Cex

C) MRCOG OSCE

D) OSATS

E) TO1

38) With regards to workplace-based assessments, which is the single best answer?

A) Weaker trainees will more likely seek feedback and therefore it is essential that WPBAs are done regularly and repeatedly

B) They are opportunistic, not needs driven, unless there is a proper understanding between the trainer and trainee

C) They are sufficiently reliable to stand alone as an assessment tool and do not need to be used together with endpoint high stakes ‘know how’ and ‘show how’ assessments of learning

D) They are mainly learner-led but can also be trainer-driven, depending on the circumstances

E) None of the above

What is the only type of workplace-based assessment that has a summative role in obstetrics
and gynaecology training?

39)

A) Case-based discussion

B) Mini-Clinical Examination (Mini-CEX)

C) Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS)

D) Reflective writing

E) Team observation form

40) Appraisal can best be described as:

A) An opportunity to discuss your practice, professional performance, career aspirations, challenges and development needs.

B) A process only doctors in difficulty need to be involved with.

C) A pass/fail process for progression in training.

D) Another term for assessment.

E) A process only necessary for doctors pre-CCT.

41) Which method is used to assess the existing knowledge of a group?

A) Brainstorming

B) Snowballing

C) Study guide

D) Action plans

E) Case studies

42)

Regarding the application of teaching and learning instruments, which of the following
represents the single best answer?

A) A trainee requires three satisfactory OSATS to be deemed competent to undertake a procedure

B) Effective teaching, effective learning and effective assessment should be seen as part of the same educational process

C) Oral assessments are best used for formative rather than summative purposes

D) Oral assessments do not provide an assessment of the quality of the behaviour being assessed

E) All of the above

43) Which is not a component of five steps of the 1-min preceptor ?

A) Commitment

B) Positive reinforcement

C) Judgement

D) Application

E) Correction of mistakes

44)

In a criterion-referenced orientation (also called standards based assessment), the
standards are based on:

A) The mean performance of an external large representative sample equivalent to the panellists setting the standards

B) The content and the competence level under consideration

C) The mean performance of the candidates who took the last instance of the assessment

D) The performance of an external large representative sample equivalent to the candidates taking the test

E) The mean performance of the candidates who took this assessment

45)

Which is frequently used to teach emergency situations, with proven improved
management outcomes?

A) Simulation

B) Lectures

C) Small group teaching

D) Problem-based learning

E) Self-directed learning

47) The affective domain assesses:

A) Skills

B) Attitudes

C) Knowledge

D) Responsiveness

E) All of the above

48)

Which of the following educational strategies does not promote deep learning and critical
thinking?

A) Lectures

B) Problem-based learning

C) Self-directed learning

D) Simulated environments

E) Task-based learning

49) The assessment strategy is trainee-driven. However, it is distinctly recognised that:

A) WPBAs are practical and valuable as they can drive learning by facilitating regular one to one training time and allowing opportunities for contemporaneous discussion

B) The new WPBAs have a section that allows the trainee to briefly reflect on the assessment only at a select point in time

C) WPBA is a good way of detecting doctors in training difficulty

D) The acceptability and utility of WPBA hinges solely on the sensitisation of assessors and trainees

E) WPBA is an assessment of mastery rather than competence

51)

Which one of the following need local recognition and GMC approval to be a recognised
trainer:

A) All of the below

B) Clinical supervisor

C) Coordinator for undergraduate training

D) Educational supervisor

E) Lead coordinator for each lead education provider

54) During the appraisal process:

A) The appraiser can only use an ‘open questioning style’ with the appraise

B) The appraiser is allowed to be discouraging/demotivating if there is evidence the appraisee’s actions have compromised patient safety

C) The appraiser should never use a ‘closed questioning style’ with the appraise

D) The appraiser should try to quickly confirm the key areas for the appraisee’s improvement at the start of the appraisal

E) The appraiser should use a combination of ‘open and closed questioning styles’

55) In medical teaching, what is the single best determinant of expertise in a subject?

A) Communication skills

B) . Knowledge

C) Organisational skills

D) Positive role modelling

E) Positive role modelling

56)

The two approaches to standard setting in assessment are the norm reference standards
and the criterion referenced standards. Norm reference standards can be described as:

A) Standards that are content and level related

B) Standards that can be influenced by an examinee’s ability

C) Standards that remain fixed over groups and over administrations

D) Standards with which failure rate will vary according to group ability

E) That where student performance is compared to a standard

Your score is